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isinstanceÚbytesÚdecodeÚformat)ÚhostÚportr r r Úformat_host_port s r$ )Úhappy_eyeballs_delayÚ local_addressc st | dkrt dt|ts(td |¡|dkr4t}t| |tdI dH }|sdd t| |¡}t |t
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¡ I dH W 5 Q R X q¦W 5 Q I dH R X dkrBtt|ks td t| |¡}t |t|n$t ¡} ¡ | W 5 Q R £ S W 5 Q R X dS ) a¿ Connect to the given host and port over TCP.
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If the given ``host`` has multiple IP addresses associated with it, then
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we have a problem: which one do we use?
|
|
One approach would be to attempt to connect to the first one, and then if
|
that fails, attempt to connect to the second one ... until we've tried all
|
of them. But the problem with this is that if the first IP address is
|
unreachable (for example, because it's an IPv6 address and our network
|
discards IPv6 packets), then we might end up waiting tens of seconds for
|
the first connection attempt to timeout before we try the second address.
|
|
Another approach would be to attempt to connect to all of the addresses at
|
the same time, in parallel, and then use whichever connection succeeds
|
first, abandoning the others. This would be fast, but create a lot of
|
unnecessary load on the network and the remote server.
|
|
This function strikes a balance between these two extremes: it works its
|
way through the available addresses one at a time, like the first
|
approach; but, if ``happy_eyeballs_delay`` seconds have passed and it's
|
still waiting for an attempt to succeed or fail, then it gets impatient
|
and starts the next connection attempt in parallel. As soon as any one
|
connection attempt succeeds, all the other attempts are cancelled. This
|
avoids unnecessary load because most connections will succeed after just
|
one or two attempts, but if one of the addresses is unreachable then it
|
doesn't slow us down too much.
|
|
This is known as a "happy eyeballs" algorithm, and our particular variant
|
is modelled after how Chrome connects to webservers; see `RFC 6555
|
<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6555>`__ for more details.
|
|
Args:
|
host (str or bytes): The host to connect to. Can be an IPv4 address,
|
IPv6 address, or a hostname.
|
|
port (int): The port to connect to.
|
|
happy_eyeballs_delay (float): How many seconds to wait for each
|
connection attempt to succeed or fail before getting impatient and
|
starting another one in parallel. Set to `math.inf` if you want
|
to limit to only one connection attempt at a time (like
|
:func:`socket.create_connection`). Default: 0.25 (250 ms).
|
|
local_address (None or str): The local IP address or hostname to use as
|
the source for outgoing connections. If ``None``, we let the OS pick
|
the source IP.
|
|
This is useful in some exotic networking configurations where your
|
host has multiple IP addresses, and you want to force the use of a
|
specific one.
|
|
Note that if you pass an IPv4 ``local_address``, then you won't be
|
able to connect to IPv6 hosts, and vice-versa. If you want to take
|
advantage of this to force the use of IPv4 or IPv6 without
|
specifying an exact source address, you can use the IPv4 wildcard
|
address ``local_address="0.0.0.0"``, or the IPv6 wildcard address
|
``local_address="::"``.
|
|
Returns:
|
SocketStream: a :class:`~trio.abc.Stream` connected to the given server.
|
|
Raises:
|
OSError: if the connection fails.
|
|
See also:
|
open_ssl_over_tcp_stream
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